比利时

配置

Install the 🇧🇪 Belgium fiscal localization package to get all the default accounting features of the Belgian localization, following the IFRS rules.

科目表

You can reach the Chart of accounts by going to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts.

The Belgian chart of accounts includes pre-configured accounts as described in the PCMN. To add a new account, click New. A new line appears. Fill it in, click Save, and then Setup to configure it further.

参见

科目表

税

Default Belgian taxes are created automatically when the Belgium - Accounting and the Belgium - Accounting Reports modules are installed. Each tax impacts the Belgian Tax Report, available by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Statements Reports: Tax Report.

In Belgium, the standard VAT rate is 21%, but there are lower rates for some categories of goods and services. An intermediate rate of 12% is applied on social housing and food served in restaurants, while a reduced rate of 6% applies to most basic goods, such as food, water supply, books, and medicine. A 0% rate applies to some exceptional goods and services, such as some daily and weekly publications, as well as recycled goods.

Non-deductible taxes

In Belgium, some taxes are not fully deductible, such as taxes on the maintenance of cars. This means a part of these taxes is considered as an expense.

In Odoo, you can configure non-deductible taxes by creating tax rules for these taxes and linking them to the corresponding accounts. This way, the system automatically calculates the taxes and allocates them to the appropriate accounts.

To configure a new non-deductible tax, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Taxes, and click New:

  1. Add a line and select Base in the Based On column;

  2. Add a line, then select on tax in the Based on column and enter the non-deductible percentage in the % column;

  3. On the of tax line, select the Tax Grid(s) related to your tax;

  4. Add a line with the deductible percentage in the % column;

  5. Set of tax in Based On;

  6. Select 411000 VAT recoverable as account, and select the related tax grid.

Once you have created a non-deductible tax, you can apply it to your transactions by selecting the appropriate tax during the encoding of bills and credit notes. The system automatically calculates the tax amount and allocates it to the corresponding accounts based on the tax rules configured.

Example

With the Belgian localization, the 21% car tax is created by default (50% non-deductible).

Example of not-fully deductible tax

参见

报告

Here is the list of Belgian-specific reports available:

  • Balance sheet;

  • Profit & loss;

  • Tax report;

  • Partner VAT Listing;

  • EC Sales List;

  • Intrastat.

You can access Belgian-specific versions of reports by clicking on the book icon when on a report and selecting its Belgian version: (BE).

Belgian version of reports

参见

报表

Disallowed expenses report

Disallowed expenses are expenses that can be deducted from your accounting result but not from your fiscal result.

The disallowed expenses report is available by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses. It allows financial results in real-time, and periodic changes. This report is generated based on the disallowed expenses categories that you can reach by going to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses Categories. Some categories already exist by default but do not have any rates. Click on Set Rates to update a specific category.

小技巧

  • You can add multiple rates for various dates. In that case, the rate used to calculate the expense depends on the date at which it is calculated, and the rate set for that date.

  • If you have the Fleet app installed, tick the Car Category box when applicable. This makes the vehicle mandatory while booking a vendor bill.

To link a disallowed expenses category with a specific account, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts. Find the account you want, and click on Setup. Add the Disallowed Expense category in the Disallowed Expenses field. From now, when an expense is created with this account, the disallowed expense is calculated based on the rate mentioned in the Disallowed Expense category.

Let’s take an example reflecting restaurant and car expenses.

Restaurant expenses

In Belgium, 31% of restaurant expenses are non-deductible. Create a new disallowed expenses category and set both Related Account(s) and Current Rate.

Disallowed expenses categories

Car expenses: vehicle split

In Belgium, the deductible percentage varies from car to car and, therefore, should be indicated for each vehicle. To do so, open Fleet and select a vehicle. In the Tax info tab, go to the Disallowed Expenses Rate section and click on Add a line. Add a Start Date and a %. The amounts go in the same account for all car expenses.

When you create a bill for car expenses, you can link each expense to a specific car by filling the Vehicle column, so the right percentage is applied.

Disallowed expenses categories

The vehicle split option available in the disallowed expenses report allows you to see the rate and disallowed amount for each car.

Disallowed expenses categories

Fee form 281.50 and form 325

Fee form 281.50

Annually, a 281.50 fee form must be reported to the fiscal authorities. To do so, the tag 281.50 must be added on the contact form of the entities concerned by the 281.50 fee. To add the tag, open Contacts, select the person or company you want to create a 281.50 fee form for, and add the 281.50 tag in the Tags field.

add the tag 281.50 on a contact form

注解

Make sure the street, zip code, country, and VAT number are also informed on the Contact form.

Then, depending on the nature of the expense, add the corresponding 281.50 tag on the impact accounts. To do so, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts, and click on Setup to add the corresponding 281.50 tag on the impacted accounts, i.e., 281.50 - Commissions, depending on the nature of the expense.

Form 325

You can create a 325 form by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Belgium: Create 325 form. A new page pops up: select the right options and click Generate 325 form. To open an already generated 325 form, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Belgium: Open 325 forms.

Add the tag 281-50 on a contact form

CODA and SODA statements

CODA

CODA is an electronic XML format used to import Belgian bank statements. You can download CODA files from your bank and import them directly into Odoo by clicking Import file from your Bank journal on your dashboard.

Import CODA files

参见

Import bank files

SODA

SODA is an electronic XML format used to import accounting entries related to salaries. SODA files can be imported into the journal you use to record salaries by going to your Accounting dashboard and clicking Upload in the related journal card form.

Once your SODA files are imported, the entries are created automatically in your salary journal.

Import SODA files

CodaBox

CodaBox is a service that allows Belgian accounting firms to access their clients’ bank information and statements. Odoo provides a way to import such statements automatically.

注解

As an accounting firm, you must manage your clients on separate databases and configure them individually to avoid mixing up their data. The connection must be made by the accounting firm with valid CodaBox Connect credentials.

配置

The configuration must be done on each client database. In the following instructions, we will refer to your client’s company as Company and to your accounting firm as Accounting Firm.

You must first install CodaBox and CodaBox Bridge Wizard (if available) to start.

重要

Make sure the company settings are correctly configured, i.e., the country is set to Belgium, the Tax ID and Accounting Firm fields are filled, as well as the Tax ID of the Accounting Firm.

Configure the journals

  1. Create a new bank journal.

  2. Set the right IBAN in the Account Number field.

  3. Select CodaBox synchronization as the Bank Feed.

Configuration of a CODA journal.

小技巧

When working with bank transactions that use different currencies, it is recommended to create multiple journals with the same bank account but different currencies.

Configure the connection

  1. Go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings, then go to the CodaBox section.

  2. Click on Manage Connection to open the connection wizard, which shows the Accounting Firm VAT number and the Company VAT number that will be used for the connection.

  3. If this is your first connection, click on Create connection. The wizard confirms that the connection has been created on Odoo’s side. Follow the steps to validate the connection on CodaBox’s side, too.

    If this is not your first connection, the Accounting Firm Password provided by Odoo during the first connection will be requested to create a new connection.

    注解

    This Accounting Firm Password is unique to Odoo and must be stored securely on your side.

The Status should have now switched to Connected.

Synchronization

连接建立后，Odoo 就可以与 CodaBox 同步。

CODA files are automatically imported from CodaBox every 12 hours. You do not have to do anything. However, if you wish, it can also be done manually, by clicking on Fetch from CodaBox in the Accounting Dashboard.

潜在问题

  • CodaBox is not configured. Please check your configuration.

    Either the Company VAT or the Accounting Firm VAT is not set.

  • No connection exists with these accounting firms and company VAT numbers. Please check your configuration.

    This can happen when checking the connection status, and the Accounting Firm VAT and Company VAT combination still needs to be registered. This may happen if you have changed the Company VAT after the connection was established. For security reasons, you have to recreate a connection for this Company VAT.

  • It seems that your CodaBox connection is not valid anymore. Please connect again.

    This can happen if you revoke Odoo’s access to your CodaBox account or still need to complete the configuration process. In this case, you must revoke the connection and create a new one.

  • The provided password is not valid for this accounting firm. You must reuse the password you received from Odoo during your first connection.

    The password you provided is different from the one you received from Odoo during your first connection. You must use the password you received from Odoo during your first connection to create a new connection for this accounting firm. If you have lost your password, you must first revoke the Odoo connection on CodaBox’s side (i.e., on your myCodaBox portal). Then, you can revoke the connection on Odoo’s side and create a new one.

  • It seems that the company or accounting firm VAT number you provided is not valid. Please check your configuration.

    Either the Company VAT or the Accounting Firm VAT is not in a valid Belgian format.

  • It seems that the accounting firm VAT number you provided does not exist in CodaBox. Please check your configuration.

    The Accounting Firm VAT number you provided is not registered in CodaBox. You may not have a valid CodaBox license linked to this VAT number.

  • It seems you have already created a connection to CodaBox with this accounting firm. To create a new connection, you must first revoke the old one on myCodaBox portal.

    You must go to your myCodaBox portal and revoke Odoo’s access to your CodaBox account. Then, you can create a new connection on Odoo’s side.

小技巧

To revoke the connection between Odoo and CodaBox, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings, scroll down to the CodaBox section, click on Manage Connection, then click on Revoke.

电子开票

Odoo supports the Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 (UBL) electronic invoicing format. To enable it for a customer, go to Accounting ‣ Customers ‣ Customers, open their contact form, and under the Accounting tab, select the Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 format.

参见

电子开票（EDI）

Cash discount

在比利时，如果发票上有提前付款折扣，则无论客户是否享受折扣，税款均按折扣后的总金额计算。

要应用正确的税额并在增值税申报表中正确报告，请将减税设置为 始终（开具发票时）。

参见

现金折扣及减税

Fiscal certification: POS restaurant

在比利时，法律规定餐馆或餐车等烹饪业务的所有者，必须使用政府认证的**收银系统**来登记收据。如果他们的年收入（不包括增值税、饮料和外卖食品）超过 25,000 欧元，则必须使用该系统。

该政府认证系统需要使用:ref: 认证 POS 系统<belgium/certified-pos>、:ref: 财政数据模块<belgium/fdm>`（或**黑盒子**）和:ref: `增值税签名卡<belgium/vat>。

重要

请勿忘记在`联邦公共服务财政登记表 <https://www.systemedecaisseenregistreuse.be/fr/enregistrement>`_上登记为*食品服务行业经理*。

经过认证的 POS 系统

Odoo POS 系统已通过**Odoo Online** 和**Odoo.sh**上托管数据库主要版本的认证。请参考下表，确保您的 POS 系统已通过认证。

Odoo云端版本

Odoo.sh

本地部署

Odoo 16.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

Odoo 15.2

未认证

未认证

未认证

Odoo 15.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

Odoo 14.0

具有证明的

具有证明的

未认证

参见

支持的版本

A certified POS system must adhere to rigorous government regulations, which means it operates differently from a non-certified POS.

  • On a certified POS, you cannot:

    • Set up and use the global discounts feature (the pos_discount module is blacklisted and cannot be activated).

    • Set up and use the loyalty programs feature (the pos_loyalty module is blacklisted and cannot be activated).

    • Reprint receipts (the pos_reprint module is blacklisted and cannot be activated).

    • Modify prices in order lines.

    • Modify or delete order lines in POS orders.

    • Sell products without a valid VAT number.

    • Use a POS that is not connected to an IoT box.

  • The cash rounding feature must be activated and set to a Rounding Precision of 0,05 and a Rounding Method set as Half-Up.

  • 价格中必须包含税费。要进行设置，请进入 :menuselection:` POS –> 配置 –> 设置`，在 会计 部分，单击默认销售税字段旁边的箭头，打开 :guilabel:` 默认销售税` 表单。点击:guilabel:高级选项，并启用:guilabel:包含在价格中。

  • 在 POS 会话开始时，用户必须点击 开始工作 打卡。这样才能登记 POS 订单。如果用户没有打卡，将无法进行 POS 订单。同样，用户必须在会话结束时点击 结束工作 进行打卡。

警告

If you configure a POS to work with a FDM, you cannot use it again without it.

Fiscal Data Module (FDM)

FDM 或**黑盒子**是一种经政府认证的设备，它与销售点应用程序一起工作，并保存您的 POS 订单信息。具体来说，每个 POS 订单都会生成一个**哈希**（:dfn: 唯一码），并添加到收据上。这样，政府就可以核实所有收入都已申报。

警告

Only the FDM from Boîtenoire.be with the FDM certificate number BMC01 is supported by Odoo. Contact the manufacturer (GCV BMC) to order one.

配置

Before setting up your database to work with an FDM, ensure you have the following hardware:

  • a Boîtenoire.be (certificate number BMC01) FDM;

  • an RS-232 serial null modem cable per FDM;

  • an RS-232 serial-to-USB adapter per FDM;

  • an IoT Box (one IoT box per FDM); and

  • a receipt printer.

Black box module

As a pre-requisite, activate the Belgian Registered Cash Register module (technical name: pos_blackbox_be).

black box modules for belgian fiscal certification

激活模块后，将增值税号添加到公司信息中。要进行设置，请进入:menuselection:设置 --> 公司 --> 更新信息 并填写 VAT 字段。然后，为每位操作 POS 系统的工作人员输入一个国家注册号。要执行此操作，进入:guilabel:员工 应用程序并打开雇员表单。进入 HR 设置选项卡 ‣ 考勤/销售点，填写 INSZ 或 BIS 编号 字段。

员工表格中的 ISNZ 或 BIS 编号字段

小技巧

要输入您的信息，请单击您的头像，进入 :menuselection:` 我的个人资料 –> 偏好选项卡` 并在指定字段中输入您的 INSZ 或 BIS 编号。

警告

您必须直接在生产数据库中配置 :abbr:`FDM （财政数据模块）’。在测试环境中使用可能会导致 FDM 中存储的数据不正确。

IoT 盒子

要使用 FDM（财政数据模块），您需要注册一个物联网盒子。如要注册，您必须通过我们的`支持联系表<https://www.odoo.com/help>`_与我们联系，并提供以下信息：

  • 您的增值税号；

  • 您公司的名称、地址和法律架构；以及

  • 物联网盒子的 Mac 地址

Once your IoT box is certified, connect it to your database. To verify that the IoT Box recognizes the FDM, go to the IoT homepage and scroll down the IOT Device section, which should display the FDM.

Hardware status page on a registered IoT Box

Then, add the IoT to your POS. To do so, go to Point of Sale ‣ Configuration ‣ Point of Sale, select your POS, scroll down to the Connected Device section, and enable IoT Box. Lastly, add the FMD in the Fiscal Data Module field.

注解

To be able to use an FDM, you must at least connect one Receipt Printer.

VAT signing card

When you open a POS session and make your initial transaction, you are prompted to enter the PIN provided with your VSC. The card is delivered by the FPS upon registration.